types of language varieties

Lingo is a term used to refer to any wording or phrasing that is specific to a certain group, including jargon or slang (see below). Language, dialect, and varieties 1. Other Germanic languages include Dutch, German, Icelandic, Swedish, and more. There are a handful of ways linguists categorise varieties of language; some definitions refer to word usage and rules, or merely to vocabulary, while others refer to the way language adapts culturally, in broader strokes. This requires teachers to be proficient in the language as well as in the subject, which can pose a challenge. There are many examples within the UK alone, from the broad differences between the English spoken in the North and South to the more specific, localised dialects, such as those spoken in certain cities, some of which have their own names (with Scouse from Liverpool, Geordie in Newcastle and Brummie in Birmingham to name just a few). Define varieties. Some of the varieties are Andalusian (in Andalusia), Canarian (from the Canary Islands), … The varieties are typically classified into several groups: Mandarin, Wu, Min, Xiang, Gan, Hakka and Yue, though some varieties remain unclassified. However, there are some significant differences in pronunciation, spelling and word usage around the world. Jargon is the words and phrases that emerge to cover ideas with in a specific community, often when specialist terminology is required (for example technical terms in a profession or sport). It is customary to describe them as varieties of a language according to users. Portuguese 7. After all, you’re probably familiar with the phrase “A language is a dialect with an army and a navy”. The English language has two types: British English and American English. Patois is a term used to refer to minority, non-standard use of a language, so this could cover all dialects, creoles and pidgins, but this carries somewhat negative connotations as it implies an inferiority. Linguists commonly use language variety (or simply variety) as a cover term for any of the overlapping subcategories of a language, including dialect, register, jargon, and idiolect. L'examen des études typologiques sur les situations de francophonie conduit à s'interroger sur les types de contact entre le français et les autres systèmes en présence. British English. Examples of English-developed creoles include Gullah in South Carolina and Georgia and Nigerian Creole. Language variety that signifies particular situations of use is called registers, it is appropriate for use in particular speech situations. The English language has two types: British English and American English. It is sometimes called "Highland" Spanish since it is generally spoken in the mountainous areas of Latin America. For standard UK/US English, the Oxford Lexico Dictionary defines “thing” as “An action, activity, event, thought, or utterance”. Introduction. What it describes can therefore vary depending on what we wish to specify: we could speak about the vernacular of a country or a smaller community within a city, or of a certain time and place (for example, we have a modern vernacular which would include vocabulary that would not be part of the vernacular of, for example, fifty years ago). Thanks! This site is about varieties of language that differ from the standard variety that is normally used in the media and taught in the schools. The resident population … These groups are neither clades nor individual languages defined by mutual intelligibility, but reflect common phonological developments from Middle Chinese. Slight regional variations exist in formal, written English in the United Kingdom. The use of the word "variety" to refer to the different forms avoids the use of the term language, which many people associate only with the standard language, and the term dialect, which is often associated with non-standard varieties … Ainsi, il n'existe pas une seule langue française, mais des langues françaises. Varieties Of English. They are available in… Spanish (Castilian), spoken by about 99% of Spaniards as a first or second language, Catalan / Valencian is spoken by 17%, Galician by 7%, and Basque by 2% of the population in Spain. Language varieties indicate that the speakers are distinct from members of other groups (Finegan, 2008). The answer to the above question is: There are seven major Spanish dialects in the world. There are countless varieties of this, and it is a blanket term that really covers all of the other terms below. After all, you’re probably familiar with the phrase “A language is a dialect with an army and a navy”. Alternatively, a vernacular is a dialect itself as compared to a standard language (though it should be remembered that a standard language is simply a dialect or combination of dialects that has come to predominate). I’ve heard the term “Queen’s English” thrown about often to mean Formal/Polite English – any validity in this? Dialect, a variety of a language that signals where a person comes from. You don't even need to use an actual word to communicate effectively. Certaines situations sont complexes parce qu'elles comportent non pas forcément plus de contacts, mais plus de types de contacts que d'autres. A vernacular is a native language or dialect, as opposed to another tongue also in use, such as Spanish, French, or Italian and their dialects as compared to their mother language, Latin. In most varieties, there are two degrees, namely "formal" and "familiar" (the latter is also called "informal"). Old English; Middle English; Transition from Middle English to Early Modern English; Restoration period; Age of Johnson; 19th and 20th centuries; Varieties of English. Varieties of the Arabic language are spoken by over 400 million individuals. In some cases this is necessary, where specialist activities require new terminology, but jargon can also be seen as negative, where it is used to separate others from a conversation or to create a superior appearance (as is commonly associated with business jargon). The most common Spanish dialect taught in the U.S. is standard Latin American. La variation linguistique est le mouvement commun et naturel d'une langue, qui varie principalement en fonction de facteurs historiques et culturels. Similar to jargon, slang is the language that emerges within a subgroup to describe new ideas, or to assign new words to existing ideas to develop a sense of identity. It can help to give you a stronger understanding of the rules of standard language when you see how it works when other people bend them! These bananas are the most common variety, easily available in supermarkets in the United States. Dialect is probably the big one worth starting with. definitions of 5 types of language varieties. I’m not a linguist, I’m not an authority in this, and I’d love to hear your interpretations of these terms too. Standard English is a controversial term for a form of the English language that is written and spoken by educated users. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Advanced Writing Skills for Students of English, The English Tenses Practical Grammar Guide. As with jargon, this can be exclusionary, though while jargon typically refers to specialisms, slang is more typically associated with social groups, for example the language of a younger generation. In this post, we’ll show you seven types of English you should get familiar with. If you are interested in the development of language, and how it is used differently by different people, I strongly recommend looking into different vernaculars and creoles to see how other people speak. Sign up today and you'll receive a set of grammar guides as a bonus. Join the ELB Reader's Group to receive FREE English learning material sent directly to your inbox. This dialect is noted for its pronunciation of each letter and its strong "r" sounds. It is an essential element of the social fabric and … Dialects are dialects not because of linguistic reasons but because of the political and cultural reasons. The varieties (or dialects or vernacular languages) of Arabic, a Semitic language within the Afroasiatic family originating in the Arabian Peninsula, are the linguistic systems that Arabic speakers speak natively. Social dialects emerge like dialects, but within a specific class or culture, instead of a region (though they can be further developed to fit certain regions). This may include languages, dialects, registers, styles, or other forms of language, as well as a standard variety. » Source : Organisation internationale de la francophonieUne langue vivante, c'est une langue qui se transforme et évolue selon une foule de facteurs. Another interesting example is Louisiana Creole, which derives from French but is used by Americans so may be interspersed with English. Spanish is a language with a "T–V distinction" in the second person, meaning that there are different pronouns corresponding to "you" which express different degrees of formality. Difference Between Modern Standard Arabic and Dialects. It would appear that language contact situations generally are subject to two often conflicting forces—the need to achieve communicative efficiency adequate for the purpose of the interaction (dynamics of accommodation) and the need to preserve a distinct sense of group identity (group loyalty). LANGUAGE, DIALECT, AND VARIETIES Sari Kusumaningrum, SS, M.Hum 2. Cette façon est utilisé, de façon systématique et cohérente, en fonction du contexte de historique, géographique et socio culturel et dans lequel les locuteurs de cette langue se manifestent verbalement. Also, with a wide variety of teachers teaching them, they get all kinds of different language input. American poet David Lehman has described jargon as "the verbal sleight of hand that makes the old hat seem newly fashionable; it gives an air of novelty and specious profundity to ideas that, if stated directly, would seem superficial, stale, frivolous, or false.". If done correctly, spending sufficient time on the subject and focusing on language when needed, students learn languages quickly. Proto-Germanic was never written down, but its existence and much of its vocabulary and structure can be confidently inferred from the many systematic correspondences in words and grammatical structures shared by its descendants. In sociolinguistics, language variety—also called lect—is a general term for any distinctive form of a language or linguistic expression. Not only will you give your ear a fun workout, you’ll also discover new cultures as you explore types of English across the world. « Le français se renouvelle, se réinvente, se transforme et n'hésite plus à transgresser les règles, devenant ainsi une langue multiple et changeante qui s'adapte au monde moderne et aux réalités culturelles. 4. Dialect is used both for local varieties of English, e.g., Yorkshire dialect, and for various types of informal, lower-class, or rural speech. I hope to look into specific different types of English in more detail eventually, but there are some great resources introducing language variations online already, so for now I’ve prepared a list of terms and examples with some links to where you can learn more. So just what is a dialect? Contact may occur between languages which are genetically related or unrelated, speakers may have similar or vastly different social structures, and patterns of multilingualism may also vary greatly. Our purpose in this chapter is to see how far it is possible to describe the relations of language to society in terms of ‘global’ linguistic categories such as ‘language X’ or ‘dialect Y’ and global social categories like ‘community Z’. Developments from middle Chinese Schwiizerdütsch ) for kicks, we ’ ll start off with super... And better content, and more language cluster a full list of of... Huff of exasperation during a debate or a grin while signing `` hello '' speaks volumes during. Term “ Queen ’ s English ” thrown about often to mean Formal/Polite English any. Pas forcément plus de types de contacts, mais plus de types de contacts, mais plus de de. Term dialect is probably the big one worth starting with dialect ’ 1 ) DialectStrictly the... 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